We hope that this In Review not only provides state-of-the-art knowledge but also motivates and facilitates future efforts to better understand and treat NSSI. Finally, Brianna J Turner, Sara B Austin, and Alexander L Chapman 2 provide a systematic review of NSSI treatment outcome research, and note the need for new treatment approaches specifically tailored to target NSSI. Next, Margaret S Andover and Blair W Morris 1 describe an emotion regulation model for understanding and potentially treating NSSI and for explaining the emotion regulation function of NSSI in terms of basic emotion models. First, this editorial briefly reviews what we now know about NSSI. This In Review on NSSI was developed to help the field of mental health move forward in these 2 areas. It is time for NSSI researchers to apply this basic knowledge to develop empirically grounded theoretical models and effective treatments. We now understand much about the classification, prevalence, correlates, forms, and functions of NSSI, and have dispelled many misconceptions. However, the last 10 to 15 years have witnessed an explosion of research and significant advances in knowledge about NSSI. For decades, knowledge about nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) was limited to only a small handful of empirical studies.
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